Dr. Jonathan J. Cole
Limnologist
Ph.D., 1982, Cornell University

Dr. Cole's research focuses on the interface between microbiology and biogeochemistry in aquatic ecosystems. In almost any system, microorganisms are responsible for most of the aerobic respiration and all of the anaerobic respiration. Thus, the production of carbon dioxide, methane, sulfide as well as the regeneration of other inorganic nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus) is largely due to the activities of these microorganisms. Cole is particularly interested in the biotic and abiotic regulation of microbial metabolism, energy flow and carbon cycles in lakes, rivers and marine systems.

He has been focusing his attention more recently on the fates of terrestrial C in aquatic systems and the role that inland waters have on the global carbon balance (see Cole et al. 2007, below). It turns out that inland waters are quite significant in both the global and regional balances of C both in terms of the storage of organic C in lake and reservoir sediments and in the oxidation of terrestrially derived organic materials. These terrestrially derived organic materials also have the potential to subsidize aquatic food webs.

Work with colleagues Mike Pace, Steve Carpenter, Jim Kitchell, Jim Hodgson and many others, has shown, that many aquatic organisms in lakes are comprised in part of organic matter that was produced on land rather than in the water (see Cole et al. 2006; Cole et al. 2011). With colleagues Nina Caraco, Jim Bauer, Peter Raymond and Steve Petsch, Cole worked with ambient levels of radiocarbon (¹⁴C) and demonstrated that some organisms in the Hudson River are not only made of terrestrial carbon, but carbon that was created by photosynthesis more than 1000 years ago (see Caraco et al. 2010, below).

What Cole wants to know is, are fish, like the pike in the picture, made entirely out of materials that were produced in the water, or made from terrestrial organic matter that washes in from the watershed. Dr. Mats Jansson (from Umea Sweden) who took this picture is interested in the same question. Unfortunately on that day Mats caught only smaller pike.

Selected Publications:

• Cole, J. J., N. F. Caraco, G. W. Kling, and T. W. Kratz. 1994. Carbon dioxide supersaturation in the surface waters of lakes. Science. 265:1568-1570.
• del Giorgio, P. A., J. J. Cole, and A. Cimberlis. 1997. Respiration rates in bacteria exceed phytoplankton production in unproductive aquatic systems. Nature. 385:148-151.
• Cole, J. J., and N. F. Caraco. 2001. Carbon in catchments: connecting terrestrial carbon losses with aquatic metabolism. Marine and Freshwater Research. 52:101-110.
• Raymond, P. A., and J.J. Cole. 2003. Increase in the export of alkalinity from North America's largest river. Science. 302:88-91.
• Cole, J. J., S. R. Carpenter, M. L. Pace, M. C. Van de Bogert, J. L. Kitchell, and J. R. Hodgson. 2006. Differential Support of Lake Food Webs by Three Types of Terrestrial Organic Carbon. Ecol. Lett. 9: 558-568.
• Cole, J. J., Y. T.Prairie, N. F. Caraco, W. H. McDowell, L. J. Tranvik, R. G. Striegl, C. M. Duarte, P. Kortelainen, J. A. Downing, J. Middleburg and J. Melack. 2007. Plumbing the global carbon cycle: Integrating inland waters into the terrestrial carbon budget. Ecosystems. 10: 171-184
• Cole, J.J. D.L. Bade, D. Bastviken, M.L. Pace and M. Van de Bogert. 2010. Multiple approaches to estimating air-water gas exchange in small lakes. Limnol. Oceanogr: Methods 8:285-293.
• Vauchon, D., Y.T. Prarie, and J.J. Cole 2010. The relationship between near-surface turbulence and gas transfer velocity in freshwater systems and its implications for floating chamber measurements of gas exchange. Limnol. Oceaongr. 55(4), 2010, 1723–1732.
• Caraco, N. F., J. E. Bauer, J. J. Cole, S. Petsch and P. A. Raymond.   2010.   Millennial-aged organic carbon subsidies to a modern river food web. Ecology   91(8):2385-2393.
• Cole, J. J., S. R. Carpenter, J. Kitchell, M. L. Pace, C. T. Solomon, and B. Weidel.   2011.   Strong evidence for terrestrial support of zooplankton in small lakes based on stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.  108 (5) 1975-1980.
• S.R. Carpenter, J.J. Cole, M.L. Pace, R. Batt, W.A. Brock, T. Cline, J. Coloso, J.R. Hodgson, J.F. Kitchell, D.A. Seekell, L. Smith, and B. Weidel. 2011. Early Warnings of Regime Shifts: A Whole-Ecosystem Experiment. Science. DOI:10.1126/science 1203672

Other:
Since 2009, Cole has been the Reviews Editor for Limnology and Oceanography, one of the journals of the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO; www.aslo.org). Cole was President of ASLO from 2004-2006.  In 2010 Cole was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and in 2011 he was elected a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union (AGU;  www.agu.org/).

In 2003, Cole was awarded the Ecology Institute Prize (ECI) for Excellence in Limnetic Ecology. The ECI prize is given in alternating years for Terrestrial Ecology, Marine Ecology, and Limnetic (Freshwater) Ecology. Cole has been an ISI Highly Cited Researcher since 2003.